 | |
| London River Services | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Locale | London, UK |
| Waterway | River Thames |
| Transit type | Commuter boats, ferries and tourist/leisure services |
| Began operation | 1999 |
| No. of terminals | 25 (8 managed by TfL) |
| Owner | Transport for London |
| Website | www.tfl.gov.uk |
| Operator | Various boat companies |
London River Services TfL
London River Services is a division of Transport for London (TfL), which manages passenger transport on the River Thames in London, UK. They do not own or operate any boats but license the services of other operators. The services they regulate are a mixture of leisure-oriented tourist services and commuter services.
The River Thames is generally no more than 300m wide as it runs through central London, and is easily crossed by bridge or tunnel. River boat services in London therefore mostly travel east or west along the Thames rather than across it, and the only major cross-river ferry services are to be found further downstream where the river is wider.
London's river service network is not as extensive as those of Hong Kong or Sydney, but with recent investment in river public transport and the creation of London River Services, water transport in the British capital is experiencing a revival. More than 2,000 commuters a day now travel by river which adds up to three million people per year, a figure that is set to increase with preparations for the 2012 Olympics and tourist traffic during the games.
History
Traffic on the Thames in 1746
Before the construction of London's bridges and the Underground, the River Thames had served as a major thoroughfare for centuries. Attempts to regulate the transport of passengers and goods began in 1197, when King Richard I sold the Crown's rights over the Thames to the Corporation of the City of London, which then attempted to license boats on the river. In 1510 Henry VIII granted a licence to watermen that gave exclusive rights to carry passengers on the river, and in 1555 an Act of Parliament set up the Company of Watermen and Lightermen to control traffic on the Thames.
For centuries the only bridge across the Thames was London Bridge. Crossing the river by wherry (small wooden rowing boat) was a common mode of transport.
The 19th Century
Steamers on the Thames in 1841
Passenger steamboats were introduced in 1815 and the use of the river as a means of public transport increased greatly. River services ran from Gravesend, Margate and Ramsgate via Greenwich and Woolwich into central London. By the mid-1850s about 15,000 people per day travelled to work on steamboat services – twice the number of passengers on the newly emerging railways. With increased congestion on the river, collisions and other accidents became correspondingly more frequent, most notably with the Princess Alice disaster at Woolwich in 1878.
While the introduction of large steamboats and bridge construction had taken business from the Thames watermen, the growth of the railways took passengers away from the steamboat services and the use of the river for public transport began a steady decline. River service companies struggled financially, and in 1876 the five main boat companies merged to form the London Steamboat Company. The company ran a half-hourly service from Chelsea to Greenwich for eight years until it went bankrupt in 1884. Nevertheless, river services continued under different management into the next century. Many of the Thames paddle steamers around this time were built by the Thames Ironworks at Bow Creek.
The 20th Century
In 1905 the London County Council launched its own public river transport service to complement its new tram network, acquiring piers and investing in a large fleet of 30 paddle-steamers. Frequent services operated from Hammersmith to Greenwich. The LCC river service was not a success; in the first year it ran up debts of £30,000. It was shut down in 1907 after only two years' service.
Numerous proposals for "river bus" services were considered throughout the Twentieth Century, although the few that were realised were cancelled after a short time in service. In 1940, a temporary wartime river bus service was introduced using commandeered pleasure cruisers to replace train and tram services which were disrupted by the bombing of the Blitz.
With the move of the Port of London downstream in the 1960s, regular river transport was limited to a few sightseeing boats.
[edit]Revival of passenger services
In 1997 the then Secretary of State for Transport, John Prescott, launched Thames 2000, a £21-million project to regenerate the River Thames in time for the Millennium Celebrations and boost new passenger transport services on the Thames. The centrepiece of these celebrations was to be the Millennium Dome, but there was also a plan to provide a longer-term legacy of public transport boat services and piers on the river.
River traffic around Waterloo Pier in 2008
The Cross-River Partnership, a consortium of local authorities, private sector organisations and voluntary bodies, recommended the creation of a public body to co-ordinate and promote river services. This agency, provisionally titled the Thames Piers Agency, would integrate boat services into other modes of public transport, take control of Thames piers from the Port of London Authority, and commission the construction of new piers.
The result was the formation in 1999 of London River Services, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Transport for London.
Ken Livingstone's Transport Strategy for London 2005 states that: The safe use of the Thames for passenger and freight services should be developed. Passenger services will be encouraged, particularly services that relate to its cultural and architectural excellence and tourism. Use of London's other navigable waterways for freight, consistent with their roles for leisure use and as ecosystems, will be encouraged.
LRS today
Greenwich Pier with TfL branding
LRS is responsible for integrating river transport with the rest of the public transport network, such as the Tube and buses. It promotes boat services under the London River Services brand, issuing timetables and river maps.
LRS is also responsible for directly managing eight piers on the river, and has invested in LRS-branded signage and passenger information.
Following its launch the service was criticised for its lack of subsidy for private boat operators. LRS now supports the Thames Clipper commuter service financially and has increased the peak service frequency to a boat every 15 minutes. In April 2009, the signing of a "River Concordat" by London’s pier owners, boat operators, borough councils and Transport for London was announced, committing the various partners to improving ticketing, piers and passenger information, and to closer integration into the transport network.
London River Services is not responsible for maintaining the river itself; the Port of London Authority takes care of river traffic control, security, navigational safety (including buoys, beacons, bridge lights and channel surveys), and the RNLI operates Thames lifeboat services.
Branding
The public presentation of London River Services is visually associated with existing TfL design standards, using identical graphic design elements to those used on London Underground publicity, signage and other elements, drawing on the design heritage of Harry Beck.
The London River Services brand is a sub-brand of TfL which uses the familiar Tube roundel, originally devised for London Underground and now established as the corporate branding for all TfL services. The River Services roundel is a dark blue bar (Pantone 072) on pale blue circle (Pantone 299).
Corporate signage, stationery and literature all use the New Johnston typeface in common with other TfL services.
LRS publishes diagrammatic river maps in the tradition of Harry Beck's iconic Tube map. Tube maps published by TfL since 2000 denote river interchange stations with a boat symbol.
Services
The service patterns advertised by TfL can vary according to season. They are divided into three main types:
Commuter services
A commuter boat operated by Thames Clipper on the River Thames
These river services run to a timetable through the day with more frequent services during peak rush hour times. Most services run seven days a week, although some do not operate at weekends. Many operators offer discounted fares to Travelcard holders. The main lines of operation are:
Embankment - Woolwich
Putney - Chelsea Harbour - Cadogan - Embankment - Blackfriars
The catamaran-hulled vessels have on-board coffee bars, airline-style seating, are wheelchair-accessible and have bicycle racks.
Ferry services
The Woolwich vehicle & passenger ferry
In central London, the River Thames is narrow enough to allow it to be crossed by many bridges; further downstream however, the river widens and there are fewer bridge crossings. Two ferry services are still in operation:
The Canary Wharf - Rotherhithe Ferry (also called the Hilton Docklands - Canary Wharf Shuttle) operates between Canary Wharf Pier and Hilton Docklands Nelson Dock Pier at the Hilton Hotel in Rotherhithe. Boats operate roughly every 10 minutes, and can be used both by guests of the hotel as well as by passengers not staying at the hotel.
The Woolwich Ferry is a free ferry service for vehicles and foot passengers. It connects Woolwich and North Woolwich, and is close to King George V DLR station. For vehicles, the service links the London ring roads, the North and South Circular roads, at their eastern ends.
Two other ferry services operate upstream in west London: Hammerton's Ferry and the Hampton Ferry. These services are independent of London River Services as they do not serve LRS-managed piers.
Leisure services
A tourist boat operated by Bateaux London Catamaran Cruisers on the River Thames
Leisure boats are aimed mainly at the tourist market; as they do not usually provide rush hour services, they are not normally suitable for commuting. Some boat companies run regular scheduled services, others may run twice daily, only on certain days of the week, or only during certain months of the year. Boats may also be chartered for private hire. Destinations are often tourist attractions such as the Tate Galleries or Hampton Court Palace.
Bankside - Waterloo - Millbank (Tate to Tate)
London Eye River Cruise
Multilingual Circular Cruise
Greenwich Sunday Evening Sightseeing Cruise
MV Balmoral and Paddle Steamer Waverley Cruises from Tower Pier
Richmond - Kingston - Hampton Court
Tilbury/Gravesend - Greenwich
Westminster - Kew - Richmond - Hampton Court
Westminster - St Katharine's Hop-on, Hop-off circular service
Westminster - Waterloo - Tower - Greenwich
Westminster - Greenwich - Barrier Gardens
Operators
Scheduled tourist and commuter services on the river are operated by a number of private companies, including:
Operator Services External link
London Eye River Cruise (operated by Thames Clipper) tourist service
Bateaux London tourist
Crown River Cruises tourist
Lower Thames and Medway Passenger Boat Company tourist
London Borough of Greenwich Woolwich Ferry
Thames Clippers commuter and tourist
Thames Executive Charters commuter
Thames River Services tourist
Turk Launches tourist
Westminster Passenger Services Association tourist
Waverley Excursions tourist
Thames Pleasure Cruises tourist
Charter services, usually catering for large parties, are also available from these and other operators.
Operator Charter Services External link
Livett's Launches (Chris Livett) private charter
Piers
An map of the main piers in central London
London River Services lists 24 piers on the River Thames in its publications, of which 8 are managed directly by LRS.
Millennium Piers
Millbank Millennium Pier - architect: Steve Chilton
In 2000, five new piers were opened with funding from the Millennium Commission under its Thames 2000 project, with a grant of £7,177,000:
Tower Millennium Pier
Blackfriars Millennium Pier
Waterloo Millennium Pier
Westminster Millennium Pier
Millbank Millennium Pier
The new piers were provided to improve previously neglected travel connections on the Thames and promote the river as an alternative means of public transport.
List of piers
Scheduled tourist and commuter services use the following piers, although no single service serves all the piers listed. The piers are listed in order going downstream:
# Pier Services Nearest tube/train Destinations Notes
1 Hampton Court Pier Hampton Court Hampton Court Palace Managed by Turk Launches Ltd.
2 Kingston (Town End Pier) Kingston upon Thames Managed by Turk Launches Ltd. Head office at this pier
3 Kingston (Turks Pier) Kingston Kingston upon Thames Managed by Turk Launches Ltd.
4 Hammertons Landing Stage Richmond Richmond upon Thames
Ham House Hammerton's Ferry, Turk Launches LTD
5 Richmond (St. Helena Pier) Richmond Richmond upon Thames Managed operated by Turk Launches Ltd.
6 Kew Gardens Pier Kew Gardens
Kew Bridge Kew Gardens
Kew Bridge Steam Museum
7 Putney Pier Putney Bridge
Putney Fulham
Putney Managed by Livett's Launches
8 Wandsworth Riverside Quarter Pier Wandsworth Town Wandsworth
9 Chelsea Harbour Pier Imperial Wharf Chelsea Harbour, Sands End
10 Cadogan Pier Chelsea
11 Millbank Millennium Pier Pimlico Tate Britain art gallery Managed by TfL
12 Westminster Millennium Pier Westminster Palace of Westminster
Westminster Abbey Managed by TfL
13 Waterloo Millennium Pier Waterloo London Eye
South Bank arts precinct Managed by London Eye
14 Embankment Pier Embankment
Charing Cross London Eye
South Bank arts precinct
Trafalgar Square Managed by TfL
15 Festival Pier Embankment
Waterloo London Eye
South Bank arts precinct Managed by TfL
16 Savoy Pier Embankment
Charing Cross Savoy Hotel
Covent Garden
17 Tower Lifeboat Station Only for use by RNLI lifeboats; not open to the public.
18 Blackfriars Millennium Pier Blackfriars St Paul's Cathedral
Tate Modern art gallery Managed by TfL
19 Bankside Pier Blackfriars Globe Theatre
Tate Modern art gallery Managed by TfL
20 London Bridge City Pier London Bridge HMS Belfast
London Dungeon
Southwark Cathedral
21 Tower Millennium Pier Tower Hill Tower of London
Tower Bridge Managed by TfL
22 St. Katharine Pier Tower Hill St Katherine's Dock
Tower of London
Tower Bridge
23 Hilton Docklands Nelson Dock Pier - Rotherhithe Canary Wharf – Rotherhithe Ferry only
24 Canary Wharf Pier Canary Wharf (DLR)
Canary Wharf Canary Wharf financial district
25 Greenland Dock Pier Surrey Quays Greenland Dock
26 Masthouse Terrace Pier Island Gardens Isle of Dogs
27 Greenwich Pier Cutty Sark
Greenwich Greenwich
Cutty Sark
National Maritime Museum Managed by TfL
28 QEII Pier North Greenwich Millennium Dome
29 Barrier Gardens Pier Woolwich Dockyard Thames Barrier Summer only
30 Woolwich Pier Woolwich Dockyard
Woolwich Arsenal
(both 600m approx) Woolwich
South Circular Woolwich Ferry only
31 North Woolwich Pier King George V Woolwich
North Circular
London City Airport Woolwich Ferry only
32 Woolwich Arsenal Pier Woolwich Arsenal
(600m approx) Woolwich
Fares and ticketing
Different ticket kiosks for each boat operator
Unlike the underground and bus networks, boat operators have their own separate ticketing arrangements and charge separate fares which are generally higher than corresponding journeys by tube or bus. The only exception is the Woolwich Ferry, which is free of charge.
Oyster card is valid on most Thames Clipper services for single fares, offering a ten percent discount. Most boat operators offer discounts to Travelcard holders, as well as to freedom pass holders and students.
Ticket sales at piers are managed independently by the operators, and tickets are sold at separate kiosks with no facility for cross-ticketing. Many piers have a line of several sales desks, each owned by a different boat firm. Single tickets can often be bought on board the boat, but this is down to individual operator arrangements.
Some operators offer their own season tickets and carnets of single tickets. Thames Clipper, for example, offer a one-day Roamer ticket which allows multiple journeys within off-peak hours.
See also
(source:wikipedia)
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