Saturday, January 1

Solar term

A solar term is any of 24 points in traditional East Asian lunisolar calendars that matches a particular astronomical event or signifies some natural phenomenon. The points are spaced 15° apart along the ecliptic and are used by lunisolar calendars to stay synchronized with the seasons. Solar terms originated in China, then spread to Korea, Vietnam, and Japan. This is exhibited by the fact that traditional Chinese, Hanja, and Kanji characters for most of the solar terms are identical.
Because the Sun's speed along the ecliptic varies depending on the Earth-Sun distance, the number of days that it takes the Sun to travel between each pair of solar terms varies slightly throughout the year. Each solar term is divided into three pentads (候 hou). Each pentad consists of five days (rarely six), so there are 72 pentads in a year.


List of solar terms

Longi-
tude
Usual
translation
Chinese
name ¹
Japanese
name
Korean
name ²
Vietnamese
name
Date ³Remark
315°start of spring立春
lìchūn
立春
risshun
입춘 (立春)
ipchun
Lập xuânFeb 4
330°rain water雨水
yǔshuǐ
雨水
usui
우수 (雨水)
usu
Vũ thủyFeb 19more rain than snow
345°awakening of insects驚蟄 (惊蛰)
jīngzhé
啓蟄
keichitsu
경칩 (驚蟄)
gyeongchip
Kinh trậpMar 6lit. awakening of hibernating insects. See the note at Chinese calendar#Solar term.
vernal equinox春分
chūnfēn
春分
shunbun
춘분 (春分)
chunbun
Xuân phânMar 21lit. spring division (or center)
15°clear and bright清明
qīngmíng
清明
seimei
청명 (清明)
cheongmyeong
Thanh minhApr 5time for tending graves
30°grain rain穀雨 (谷雨)
gǔyǔ
穀雨
kokuu
곡우 (穀雨)
gogu
Cốc vũApr 20lit. grain rain: rain helps grain grow
45°start of summer立夏
lìxià
立夏
rikka
입하 (立夏)
ipha
Lập hạMay 6
60°grain full小滿 (小满)
xiǎomǎn
小満
shōman
소만 (小滿)
soman
Tiểu mãnMay 21grains are plump
75°grain in ear芒種 (芒种)
mángzhòng
芒種
bōshu
망종 (芒種)
mangjong
Mang chủngJun 6lit. awns (beard of grain) grow
90°summer solstice夏至
xiàzhì
夏至
geshi
하지 (夏至)
haji
Hạ chíJun 21lit. summer extreme (of sun's height)
105°minor heat小暑
xiǎoshǔ
小暑
shōsho
소서 (小暑)
soseo
Tiểu thửJul 7
120°major heat大暑
dàshǔ
大暑
taisho
대서 (大暑)
daeseo
Đại thửJul 23
135°start of autumn立秋
lìqiū
立秋
risshū
입추 (立秋)
ipchu
Lập thuAug 8
150°limit of heat處暑 (处暑)
chǔshǔ
処暑
shosho
처서 (處暑)
cheoseo
Xử thửAug 23lit. dwell in heat
165°white dew白露
báilù
白露
hakuro
백로 (白露)
baekro
Bạch lộSep 8condensed moisture makes dew white
180°autumnal equinox秋分
qiūfēn
秋分
shūbun
추분 (秋分)
chubun
Thu phânSep 23lit. autumn division (or center)
195°cold dew寒露
hánlù
寒露
kanro
한로 (寒露)
hallo
Hàn lộOct 8
210°frost descent霜降
shuāngjiàng
霜降
sōkō
상강 (霜降)
sanggang
Sương giángOct 23appearance of frost and descent of temperature
225°start of winter立冬
lìdōng
立冬
rittō
입동 (立冬)
ipdong
Lập đôngNov 7
240°minor snow小雪
xiǎoxuě
小雪
shōsetsu
소설 (小雪)
soseol
Tiểu tuyếtNov 22
255°major snow大雪
dàxuě
大雪
taisetsu
대설 (大雪)
daeseol
Đại tuyếtDec 7
270°winter solstice冬至
dōngzhì
冬至
tōji
동지 (冬至)
dongji
Đông chíDec 22lit. winter extreme (of sun's height)
285°minor cold小寒
xiǎohán
小寒
shōkan
소한 (小寒)
sohan
Tiểu hànJan 6
300°major cold大寒
dàhán
大寒
daikan
대한 (大寒)
daehan
Đại hànJan 20

Simplified Chinese characters are shown in parentheses if they differ from the Traditional Chinese characters.
Hanja is indicated in parentheses.
Date can vary within a ±1 day range.
The "Song of Solar Terms" (Chinese: 節氣歌; pinyin: jiéqìgē) is used to ease the memorization of jiéqì:
Chinese
春雨驚春清穀天
夏滿芒夏暑相連
秋處露秋寒霜降
冬雪雪冬小大寒
每月兩節不變更
最多相差一兩天
上半年來六、廿一
下半年是八、廿三
Pinyin
chūn yǔ jīng chūn qīng gǔ tiān,
xià mǎn máng xià shǔ xiāng lián,
qiū chù lù qiū hán shuāng jiàng,
dōng xuě xuě dōng xiǎo dà hán.
měi yuè liǎng jié bù biàn gēng,
zùi duō xiāng chā yī liǎng tiān
shàng bàn nián lái liù, niàn yī
xià bàn nián shì bā, niàn sān

Regional note

In Japan, the term Setsubun (節分) originally referred to the eves of Risshun (立春, 315°, the beginning of Spring) Rikka (立夏, 45°, the beginning of Summer), Risshū (立秋, 135°, the beginning of Autumn), and Rittō (立冬, 225°, the beginning of Winter), but currently mostly refers to the day before Risshun. The name of each solar term also refers to the period of time between that day and the next solar term, or 1/24th of a year.

See also



(source:wikipedia)

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