Showing posts with label Network neutrality in the United States. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Network neutrality in the United States. Show all posts

Sunday, December 5

Global Information Grid-Bandwidth Expansion

The Global Information Grid Bandwidth Expansion (GIG-BE) Program was a major United States Department of Defense (DOD) net-centric transformational initiative executed by DISA. GIG-BE created a ubiquitous "bandwidth-available" environment to improve national security intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance, information assurance, as well as command and control. Through GIG-BE, DISA leveraged DOD's existing end-to-end information transport capabilities, significantly expanding capacity and reliability to select Joint Staff-approved locations worldwide. GIG-BE achieved Full Operational Capability (FOC) on Dec. 20, 2005.



Scope

This program provided increased bandwidth and diverse physical access to approximately 87 critical sites in the continental United States (CONUS), Pacific Theater, and European Theater. These locations are interconnected via an expanded GIG core.


Capabilities and Services

GIG-BE provides a secure, robust, optical terrestrial network that delivers very high-speed classified and unclassified Internet Protocol (IP) services to key operating locations worldwide. The Assistant Secretary of Defense for Networks and Information Integration's (ASD/NII) vision is a "color to every base," physically diverse network access, optical mesh upgrades for the backbone network, and regional/MAN upgrades, where needed. "A color to every base" implies that every site has an OC-192 (10 gigabits per second) of usable IP dedicated to that site.


Implementation

After extensive component integration and operational testing, implementation began in the middle of the 2004 fiscal year and extended through calendar year 2005. The initial implementation concentrated on six sites used during the proof of Initial Operational Capability (IOC), achieved on September 30, 2004. The GIG-BE Program Office conducted detailed site surveys at all of the approximately 87 Joint Staff-approved locations and parallel implementation in CONUS and overseas. The GIG-BE Program Office completed the Final Operational Test and Evaluation (FOT&E) at 54 operational sites on October 7, 2005. On December 20, 2005, the GIG-BE program achieved the milestone of Full Operational Capability.


Contract

GIG-BE was awarded to SAIC in 2001 for $877 million. This contract was for the development, instantiation, and maintenance of the GIG-BE network. SAIC instantly divided the equipment and tasks into subcontracts. These subcontracts are as follows:
Ciena Corporation- optical transport segment worth $200-$300 million over two years
Sycamore Networks- optical cross-connect segment worth $100-$150 million
Cisco Systems- multiservice provisioning platform segment worth $150-$200 million
Juniper Networks- core IP router portion worth $150-$200 million
By Light- installation and maintenance worth $100-$150 million


Congressional critic

Representatives Marty Meehan (D-Mass) and Jim Saxton (R-NJ) expressed concern in the selection process for a contractor to lead the GIG-BE effort. They say it was handled "irresponsibly."
 The reason for this as expressed by Meehan's spokesperson Kimberly Abbott is the "whole bidding process wasn't as fair and open as it could have been", because a contractor and not the government led the decision process. SAIC won the contract who eventually handed a large subset of the engineering to By Light. Meehan did stress that he is not questioning the competence of the winners. These two congressman delivered a letter to the DoD regarding the contract but the issue was slowly forgotten.

(source:wikipedia)

SIPRNet

The Secret Internet Protocol Router Network (SIPRNet) was "a system of interconnected computer networks used by the United States Department of Defense and the U.S. Department of State to transmit classified information (up to and including information classified SECRET) by packet switching over the TCP/IP protocols in a 'completely secure' environment". It also provides services such as hypertext document access and electronic mail. As such, SIPRNet is the DoD’s classified version of the civilian Internet.

Defense Information Systems Network

"In September 1991, OSD directed DISA to implement the Defense Information Systems Network (DISN). This is a consolidation of all service agency transmission infrastructures into two worldwide IP router networks, one for the sensitive but unclassified (N) environment, NIPRNET, and one for the secret (S) environment, SIPRNET." "NIPRNET (Non-Classified Internet Protocol Router Network) is used to exchange unclassified but sensitive information between 'internal DoD' user as well as providing user’s access to the Internet."

Distinction from other required secret networks

In describing "Specific Risks and Mitigation Strategies for Essential Operational Capabilities Supporting GWOT and Contingency Operations" considered so that "movement of organizations, functions, or activities from Fort Monmouth to Aberdeen Proving Ground (APG) will be accomplished without disruption of their support to the Global War on Terrorism (GWOT) or other critical contingency operations" a DoD report stated that "Certified facilities or services are required including Sensitive Compartmented Information Facilities (SCIF), IT connectivity to Defense Research and Engineering Network (DREN), Secret Internet Protocol Router Network (SIPR) connection, Joint Worldwide Intelligence Communications System (JWICS) connection, fully equipped and secured Top Secret/Sensitive Compartmented Information (TS/SCI) office, laboratory and fabrication facilities with uninterrupted worldwide Non-Classified Internet Protocol Routers (NIPR)/Secret Internet Protocol Routers (SIPR) and other services for sustained operations and program execution. A combination of redundant capabilities, split-based operations, and bridging mission requirements will be utilized so as to mitigate risk."
SIPRNet was allegedly one of the networks accessed by alleged whistleblower Bradley Manning, who allegedly leaked the video used in Wikileaks' Collateral murder as well as the source of the US diplomatic cables leaked by WikiLeaks in November 2010.

See also

NIPRNet
RIPR
Joint Worldwide Intelligence Communications System (JWICS)
Intellipedia
Protected Distribution System
Crisis Response Operations in NATO Operating Systems (CRONOS) is the NATO equivalent of SIPRNet



(source:wikipedia)