America par hamla ya chall,America ke khel our khilari,America ki jang,America ki haseena,America ki siasat,
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USA Profile,
United States of America | ||||||
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Motto: In God We Trust (official) E Pluribus Unum (traditional) (Latin: Out of Many, One) | ||||||
Anthem: "The Star-Spangled Banner" | ||||||
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Capital | Washington, D.C. 38°53′N 77°01′W | |||||
Largest city | New York City | |||||
Official language(s) | None at federal leve | |||||
National language | English (de facto) | |||||
Demonym | American | |||||
Government | Federal constitutional presidential republic | |||||
- | President | Barack Obama (D) | ||||
- | Vice President | Joe Biden (D) | ||||
- | Speaker of the House | Nancy Pelosi (D) | ||||
- | Chief Justice | John Roberts | ||||
Legislature | Congress | |||||
- | Upper House | Senate | ||||
- | Lower House | House of Representatives | ||||
Independence from the Kingdom of Great Britain | ||||||
- | Declared | July 4, 1776 | ||||
- | Recognized | September 3, 1783 | ||||
- | Current constitution | June 21, 1788 | ||||
Area | ||||||
- | Total | 9,826,675 km2 (3rd/4th) 3,794,101 sq mi | ||||
- | Water (%) | 6.76 | ||||
Population | ||||||
- | 2010 estimate | 310,346,000 (3rd) | ||||
- | 2000 census | 281,421,906 | ||||
- | Density | 32/km2 (178th) 83/sq mi | ||||
GDP (PPP) | 2009 estimate | |||||
- | Total | $14.256 trillion (1st) | ||||
- | Per capita | $46,381 (6th) | ||||
GDP (nominal) | 2009 estimate | |||||
- | Total | $14.256 trillion (1st) | ||||
- | Per capita | $46,381 (9th) | ||||
Gini (2007) | 45.0 (44th) | |||||
HDI (2007) | ▲ 0.956(very high) (13th) | |||||
Currency | United States dollar ($) ( USD) | |||||
Time zone | (UTC−5 to −10) | |||||
- | Summer (DST) | (UTC−4 to −10) | ||||
Date formats | m/d/yy (AD) | |||||
Drives on the | right | |||||
Internet TLD | .us .gov .mil .edu | |||||
Calling code | +1 | |||||
^ a. English is the official language of at least 28 states—some sources give a higher figure, based on differing definitions of "official". English and Hawaiian are both official languages in the state of Hawaii. ^ b. English is the de facto language of American government and the sole language spoken at home by 80% of Americans age five and older. Spanish is the second most commonly spoken language. ^ c. Whether the United States or the People's Republic of China is larger is disputed. The figure given is from the U.S.Central Intelligence Agency's World Factbook. Other sources give smaller figures. All authoritative calculations of the country's size include only the 50 states and the District of Columbia, not the territories. ^ d. The population estimate includes people whose usual residence is in the fifty states and the District of Columbia, including noncitizens. It does not include either those living in the territories, amounting to more than 4 million U.S. citizens (most in Puerto Rico), or U.S. citizens living, | ||||||
The United States of America (also referred to as the United States, the U.S., the USA, or America) is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its forty-eight contiguous states and Washington, D.C., the capital district, lie between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, bordered by Canada to the north and Mexico to the south. The state of Alaska is in the northwest of the continent, with Canada to the east and Russia to the west across the Bering Strait. The state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific. The country also possesses several territories in the Caribbean and Pacific.At 3.79 million square miles (9.83 million km2) and with over 309 million people, the United States is the third or fourth largest country by total area, and the third largest both by land area and population. It is one of the world's most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, the product of large-scale immigration from many countries.The U.S. economy is the world's largest national economy, with an estimated 2009 GDP of $14.3 trillion (a quarter of nominal global GDP and a fifth of global GDP at purchasing power parity).
Indigenous peoples of Asian origin have inhabited what is now the mainland United States for many thousands of years. This Native American population was greatly reduced by disease and warfare after European contact. The United States was founded by thirteen British colonies located along the Atlantic seaboard. On July 4, 1776, they issued the Declaration of Independence, which proclaimed their right to self-determination and their establishment of a cooperative union. The rebellious states defeated the British Empire in the American Revolution, the first successful colonial war of independence. The current United States Constitution was adopted on September 17, 1787; its ratification the following year made the states part of a single republic with a strong central government. The Bill of Rights, comprising ten constitutional amendments guaranteeing many fundamental civil rights and freedoms, was ratified in 1791.
In the 19th century, the United States acquired land from France, Spain, the United Kingdom, Mexico, and Russia, and annexed the Republic of Texas and the Republic of Hawaii. Disputes between the agrarian South and industrial North over states' rights and the expansion of the institution of slavery provoked the American Civil War of the 1860s. The North's victory prevented a permanent split of the country and led to the end of legal slavery in the United States. By the 1870s, the national economy was the world's largest. The Spanish–American War and World War I confirmed the country's status as a military power. It emerged from World War II as the first country with nuclear weapons and a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council. The end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union left the United States as the sole superpower. The country accounts for two-fifths of global military spending and is a leading economic, political, and cultural force in the world.
Etymology
Names for U.S. citizens
In 1507, German cartographer Martin Waldseemüller produced a world map on which he named the lands of the Western Hemisphere "America" after Italian explorer and cartographer Amerigo Vespucci. The former British colonies first used the country's modern name in the Declaration of Independence, the "unanimous Declaration of the thirteen united States of America" adopted by the "Representatives of the united States of America" on July 4, 1776. On November 15, 1777, the Second Continental Congress adopted the Articles of Confederation, which states, "The Stile of this Confederacy shall be 'The United States of America.'" The Franco-American treaties of 1778 used "United States of North America", but from July 11, 1778, "United States of America" was used on the country's bills of exchange, and it has been the official name ever since.
The short form the United States is also standard. Other common forms include the U.S., the USA, and America. Colloquial names include the U.S. of A. and the States. Columbia, a once popular name for the United States, was derived from Christopher Columbus; it appears in the name "District of Columbia".
The standard way to refer to a citizen of the United States is as an American. Though United States is the formal appositional term, American and U.S. are more commonly used to refer to the country adjectivally ("American values," "U.S. forces"). American is rarely used in English to refer to people not connected to the United States.
The phrase "the United States" was originally treated as plural—e.g., "the United States are"—including in the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, ratified in 1865. It became common to treat it as singular—e.g., "the United States is"—after the end of the Civil War. The singular form is now standard; the plural form is retained in the idiom "these United States".
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